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Herein, we explore the hypothesis that Nox4 activity is regulated not only by its expression level but also by oxygen availability and that it therefore functions as an oxygen sensor.
Protein function is affected by its expression level, localization, interaction with other proteins, and its posttranslational modifications.
The direct competition for microRNA-mRNA binding between endogenous and exogenous viral mRNA could result in changes in protein expression if the quantity of the microRNA required for normal regulation was only just met by its expression level.
Nox4, unlike Nox2, does not require agonist stimulation and is regulated mainly by its expression level [66,67].
This has led to the concept that Nox4-dependent ROS generation is regulated primarily by its expression level.
Neither cell-cycle pattern nor apoptotic index was modified after TOPK silencing, as was the case in the MCF-10A breast epithelial cell line (Ayllon and O'Connor, 2007), although the levels of p27/Kip1, a gene described in Ewing sarcoma by its expression level inversely correlated with that of EWS FLI1 (Matsunobu et al, 2006), were increased.
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As it has been shown that Ehd1 contributes to flowering time by its expression levels (Takahashi et al., 2009), thus fine-tuning of Ehd1 expression is crucial for rice flowering at suitable time, and several flowering regulators have been identified to participate in this regulation.
Such change in expression level may indicate that the cellular responses mediated by the receptor are tuned by its expression levels, but how the changes in ZnR/GPR39 expression affect cellular signaling requires further study.
In cardiomyocytes, hypertrophic stimulation increases production of Nox4, which is constitutively active as its activity is principally controlled by its expression levels, which leads to increased superoxide production and mitochondrial dysfunction – events that culminate in apoptosis of cardiomyocytes [ 35].
The relative expression of each gene was calculated by dividing its expression level by the average expression of the 3 reference genes for each sample.
Expression for each probe was normalized by GC-RMA, and using the most highly expressed probe set for each gene of interest, the relative expression of each gene was calculated by dividing its expression level by the average expression of the 3 reference genes for each sample.
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