Each transcript targeted by a probe was tested for its expression change using a modified t-test.
Each transcript targeted by a probe was tested for its expression change using a modified Student's t-test.
As additional criteria, a gene was considered to be 'modified by cold' only if its expression changed significantly in the same direction that is, 'up' or 'down' in at least three out of four samples per group and no significant change in the opposite direction was observed, as in previous studies50,51.
Osteopontin and S100A4 mRNA levels were normalised for differences in loading/transfer by dividing the intensity of the cDNA hybridised band by the intensity of the ethidium bromide-stained 28S ribosomal RNA band, rather than the intensity of an actin cDNA-hybridised band which could have possibly had its expression changed by C9-Met-DNA.
As a consequence, a mutation in the P53 gene, for instance, may not be reflected by its own expression change, but we would more likely observe the differential expression of its target genes.
Such change in expression level may indicate that the cellular responses mediated by the receptor are tuned by its expression levels, but how the changes in ZnR/GPR39 expression affect cellular signaling requires further study.
To investigate the subcellular distribution of HGyV-Apoptin, which also contains putative nuclear localisation and export signals, as well as morphological changes caused by its expression, cells were transfected with different Apoptin constructs and analysed by fluorescence microscopy.
A gene was regarded as differentially expressed if its expression level changed by two-fold or more.
