This apparent paradox may be explained by the cellular expression of CXCL12 not providing a true reflection of its bioavailability, which depends principally on the presence in the tumor microenvironment of factors capable of disrupting CXCL12 from glycosaminoglycans [ 46].
However, the ability of agonists to induce apoptosis via the P2X7 pore mechanism is determined primarily by the cellular expression of the P2X7 receptor [ 13, 23].
Signaling is mediated by 1 of the 18 FGF ligands, and ligand-receptor specificity is controlled by differential cellular expression of the receptors, secretion of cell-surface proteins that modulate the interaction and alternative splicing of the receptors.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor drugs, which may be useful in treating some cancers, also may achieve this effect, by increasing cellular expression of the NE transporter, 37 which could reduce the extracellular concentration of NE.
These initial studies have corroborated cnidarian origins by demonstrating cellular expression of taxonomically restricted genes, such as nematocyst structural minicollagens [ 11– 14] and nematogalectins [ 12], a potential developmental regulatory gene [ 13], and proto-mesodermal genes [ 14].
By cellular expression of this chimera, we found a decreased integrin affinity to a soluble peptide ligand and inhibited intracellular signaling.
Graphs for p-p38 and p-ERK½ were normalized by respective total cellular expression for both signaling molecules relative to the untreated control blots.
The process of microglial transformation is accompanied by changes of the cellular expression profile.
Many neurological conditions are accompanied by reactive changes in astrocytes, which are characterized by an increase in the cellular expression of the astrocyte-specific protein GFAP.
The regulation of HIV by retinoic acid correlates with cellular expression of the retinoic acid receptors.
