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This is done by introducing a factor F, denoted here as the load factor.
Combining with the determined wave period, the equivalent significant wave height can be determined by reversing the wave spectrum integral formula, where the equivalent wave energy of a divided block of the wave scatter diagram is modified by introducing a factor to compensate the effect of low- and high-amplitude cycles fatigue damage.
Noticeably, the parameter analysis of carriage duration was conducted by introducing a factor set to one as default.
In addition a photon noise was mimicked by introducing a factor S ¯ N, phot : S ¯ (i, j ) = S ¯ perfect (i, j ) (1 + S ¯ N, phot ) with the same rms noise σN = 0.3 for S ¯ N, phot.
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Specifically, we let the multiplication factor decay by introducing a second factor (r(t)), which decays in a way that is intrinsic to the medium: each signature at time t, on average brings (mu_{i} r(t)) new signatures in the next hour.
In such a case it may be possible to overcome such difficulties by introducing a correction factor, yet a further complication is that, in tests, we determined that such a correction factor is not constant and varies considerably throughout regions of the spine meshes.
Therefore, the adsorbate adsorbate interaction parameters derived from the simulated isotherms exhibit a marked dependence on the substrate roughness factor (R). Phenomenologically, the influence of R on the isotherms is smoothed down by introducing a correction factor (f), which allowed us to collapse all simulated isotherms into a single isotherm.
By introducing a weighting factor in the compound objective resp.
Therefore, Burdine (1953) modified Purcell's solution by introducing a tortuosity factor as a function of wetting phase saturation.
A parameter FP was defined by introducing a weight factor of ratchetting damage and correlated with the life.
However, endurance verification should be performed by introducing a safety factor to account for the material and manufacturing variations.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

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