Thus far, only a few complete hantavirus genomes originating from persons with clinical cases have been reported (4, 5 ), and only 1 was recovered without passaging first in cell culture (4 ), which by itself can induce adaptive changes in the viral genome (6 ).
Furthermore, the authors of the report, Dr. Jordi Cami and Dr. Magi Farré of Barcelona wrote, "Continued use induces adaptive changes in the central nervous system that lead to tolerance, physical dependence, sensitization, craving and relapse".
Among aquatic invertebrates, such as rotifers, crustaceans, and insects, there are many examples of sensitivity to predator chemicals that induce adaptive changes in behaviour or morphology.
The chronic minimal peroxide (CMP) protocol induced adaptive changes in SH-SY5Y cells that could aid research into long-term cellular damage and stress in vivo.
The first successful pregnancy can induce adaptive changes that favor immune tolerance in subsequent pregnancies [ 19].
This supports the premise that TACS may induce adaptive changes in the underlying tremor circuit (see [ 8]).
DCs act as a bridge between the innate and the adaptive immune responses by sensing pathogens through PRRs and inducing adaptive immune responses [7], [8], [20], [21].
In contrast, the higher increase in pressure following valgus overcorrection (with 9.5° tibial valgus) induced adaptive subchondral bone changes, reflected by an increased specific bone surface (BS/BV) in the subarticular spongiosa compared with unloading by varisation.
Fibrillins also contain binding sites for integrin receptors, which induce adaptive responses to changes in the extracellular microenvironment by reorganizing the cytoskeleton, controlling gene expression, and releasing and activating matrix-bound latent TGF-β complexes.
Thus, alcohol and stress seem to paralyze adaptive innate immune functions by inducing complex changes in NK cells and other adaptive immune signaling that in the brain primarily involves microglial astrocyte neuronal HMGB1 TLR signaling.
