Sentence examples for by indirect selection on from inspiring English sources
Provided |Δ U|≫2μ, both mutators and antimutators are potentially driven by indirect selection on the associated deleterious mutation load.
Thus the components of selection operating directly on ornamental traits are largely opposed by indirect selection on correlated traits, and multivariate genetic constraint on male ornamentation is a plausible explanation for the lack of response in attractiveness itself.
The model calculations show that when the pathogen is unable to overcome the resistance associated QTL, it may compensate for its reduced fitness by indirect selection for increased pathogenicity on both the resistant and susceptible cultivar, but whereby the QTLs remain effective.
The evolution of a trait is influenced not only by its heritability and the intensity of selection operating directly upon it, but also by indirect selection when natural selection operates on genetically correlated traits [ 30].
Our findings that neither male attractiveness nor female preference for attractive males responded significantly to three generations of selection (direct or indirect) have important implications for the evolution of mate choice by indirect selection.
As Monomorium ant workers are obligately sterile, all worker traits are expected to be shaped exclusively by indirect selection (i.e., kin selection) (Hamilton, 1964).
For instance, an indirect selection on pain by including patients with pressure ulcers [ 8].
Results derived by [16] show that the potential for indirect selection on (genetic benefits for) a female mating preference depend on three factors.
Then, selection by mating preferences on display traits creates indirect selection on mating preferences themselves.
If traits are phenotypically correlated, direct selection on one will lead to indirect selection on the others (Lande and Arnold 1983).
When traits are genetically correlated, selection acting on one trait will impose indirect selection on the other (Lande and Arnold 1983).
