The activator of the PI3K pathway, EGF, increased p21 levels by increasing the half-lives of both transcript as well as protein [61].
Interestingly, while FGF2 downregulated Fgfr1 in AR4-2J cells, an FGF2 protein isoform (22.5 kDa FGF2) upregulated Fgfr1 levels in those same cells by increasing the half-life of the Fgfr1 transcript [16].
Presumably this could stabilize dCTCF association with chromatin by increasing the half-life of the protein DNA complex.
Another way to fine tune the system's behavior is by increasing the half-life of Tet-ON, leading to higher amounts of Tet-ON before administration of Tc.
IMP1 appeared to promote HMGA2 expression by increasing the half-life of Hmga2 mRNA, leading to higher levels of HMGA2 and lower levels of p16 Ink4a.
This shorter protein chain is hypothesized to facilitate protein folding, thus potentially improving the bioactivity of rhBMP2 by increasing the half-life of the protein [ 23].
In keratinocytes, it has been demonstrated that CLIC4, through interactions with the protein Schnurri, potentiates TGFβ signaling by increasing the half-life of phosphorylated SMADs 2 and 3.
DPP-IV inhibitors, by contrast, are orally available, and act at least in part by increasing the half-life of endogenously secreted GLP-1.
Sitagliptin, a highly selective DPP IV inhibitor, is currently used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients to improve glucose tolerance by increasing the half-life of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) [ 3].
IL-6 can inhibit activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and attenuate vasodilation by increasing the half-life of caveolin-1, resulting in more eNOS binding and reducing the bioavailability of NO [ 33].
The misfolding generating GIR1 may have been positively selected by allowing the branching reaction to occur, which conferred a selective advantage by increasing the half-life of the HE mRNA (H Nielsen, in preparation; Johansen et al, 2007).
