By increasing the expression of VvCBF4 the tolerance of plant to cold stress increased.
Chao et al121 found that ERS promoted oxidative stress associated with hypertension in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) by increasing the expression of GRP78 and p-eIF2α.
Sodium arsenite downregulates transcriptional activity of AP-1 and CRE binding proteins in IL-1beta-treated Caco-2 cells by increasing the expression of the transcriptional repressor CREMalpha.
BN also inhibited the apoptotic effect of HgCl2 by increasing the expression of Bcl-2 protein in liver and kidney.
Cpt1a is a protein that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of fatty acid β-oxidation23, and PPARα can stimulate acyl-CoA import into the mitochondria by increasing the expression of Cpt1a.
Liu et al108 reported that myocardial I/R caused ERS and perturbed ER function by increasing the expression of calreticulin, JNK and caspase 12. Ischemic postconditioning (I-postC) is a newly discovered endogenous protective phenomenon.
PMIF elicits a MIF receptor-dependent inflammatory response that interferes with the differentiation of Plasmodium-specific CD4 T effector cells into long-lived memory precursors by increasing the expression of TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ, and T-bet14.
Intermittent and persistent hypoxia increased the rate of endothelium apoptosis by increasing the expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase 12. ERS promoted endothelial cell apoptosis through caspase 12 and the mitochondrial pathway68,69.
Nakamura et al63 found that ERS promoted proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells by increasing the expression of Bip at both the mRNA and protein levels and enhancing the formation of a Bip/T-cadherin immunocomplex.
As expected, AG490 also blocked these effects by increasing the expression of caspase-3 and Bax and decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 (compared with the MI/R+BBR group, P<0.01, Figure 5D 5F).
Plant biologists have bumped up crop productivity by increasing the expression of genes that result in more efficient use of light in photosynthesis, a finding that could be used to help address the world's future food needs.
