It has been recently reported that NAMPT is present in an extracellular secreted form and can regulate activation of human leukocytes and synoviocytes by increasing surface expression of costimulatory molecules and by inducing IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα production through a putative membrane receptor[12], [15].
TNF- α enhanced synaptic efficacy by increasing surface expression of AMPA receptors.
TGF-β1 is also known to inhibit steroidogenesis in human trophoblasts (Luo et al., 2002) and promotes syncytium formation in isolated first trimester trophoblast primary cultures by increasing surface expression of cadherin-11 (Getsios et al., 1998).
Thus, to explore whether the K346T mutation enlarges current amplitudes by increasing surface expression of the channel in an astrocyte-like cell context, we used U251MG cells stably expressing WT or K346T.
Using low-dose CRT (10 μg/ml) the phenoptype of the immature DCs changed to a more matured one, as indicated by an increased surface expression of CD40, CD86, CD83.
Surface biotin labeling of cells isolated by lavage confirmed increased surface expression of a 70-kD RHAMM after lung injury, and in situ hybridization demonstrated increased RHAMM mRNA in macrophages responding to injury.
In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the activation of PECAM-1, through cross-linking, inhibits platelet response to the collagen mimetic, CRP-XL, ADP and thrombin, and have confirmed the inhibitory action of PECAM-1, by showing an association between increased surface expression of PECAM-1 and decreased platelet response.
Enhancement of NK cell-mediated recognition of multiple myeloma cells was reported by us and others showing increased surface expression of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands on tumor cells following treatment with a number of chemotherapeutic agents, such as genotoxic drugs or inhibitors of proteasome, histone deacetylases, GSK3, and HSP-90.
Although we were unable to identify a pathophysiological stimulus that would up-regulate full length DR3 in EC, we were able to increase surface expression of DR3 by transfection, which resulted in IκBα degradation by TL1A treatment.
In addition, we show that calnexin-dependent regulation of Cav3.2 channels is disrupted by the GAERS mutation, thereby leading to an increased surface expression of T-type channels.
Furthermore, none of the tested GOF mutants increased surface expression, as judged either by biotinylation of surface proteins in COS7 cells (Supplementary Figure S2A) or by immuno-detection of the channels on the surface of the oocytes (Supplementary Figure S2B).
