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Insulin released from w/o/w PLGA microspheres stimulated the formation of cartilage considerably in chondrocyte high density pellet cultures, as determined by increased secretion of proteoglycans and collagen type II.
The activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis results in increased cortisol concentrations driven by increased secretion of ACTH [2].
These findings were paralleled by increased secretion of the corresponding molecules in the supernatant of stimulated cells (figure 7 A, B).
In fact, the bacterial loads in these groups were similar to groups where macrophages were conditioned with recombinant IFN-γ prior to BCG infection, indicating that enhanced killing could be mediated by increased secretion of IFN-γ by T cells.
Hp91 incorporated in PLGA-NPs caused increased activation of DCs in vitro as measured by increased secretion of IL-6, as compared to free peptide.
The cell line is of metastatic origin and an evasive response to disturbed tumor vasculature may be manifested by increased secretion of certain factors which induce osteolysis.
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Also another study has shown that oral fibroblasts drive invasion of OSCC cells by increasing secretion of HGF/SF [35].
It seems likely that the host attempts to remove pathogens by increasing secretion of mucins to trap and remove pathogens from the epithelial surface, whereas the pathogen tries to eliminate this host defence by inhibiting the mucin synthesis and causing shedding of the mucus producing epithelial cells.
Ang-II can also elevate blood pressure by augmenting noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings in the vasculature [ 37] by increasing secretion of potent vasoconstrictor ET-1.
AQP4 acts by increasing water transport mainly in the pericapillary foot process of astrocytes [ 9], and NKCC1 acts by increasing secretion of Na+, Cl− and water through an intact blood brain barrier into the brain [ 10].
Activated spleen B cells responded directly to apoptotic cell treatment in vitro by increasing secretion of IL-10, and inhibition of IL-10 in vivo reversed the beneficial effects of apoptotic cell treatment [ 46].
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