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By including interaction effects, between the two interacting loci, in the mean part of the model the false-positive rate was reduced to 5.6%.
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Wang et al. [ 12] found that the prediction of hypertriglyceridemia from traditional and genetic factors showed good calibration, indicating that observed risks were reasonably predicted by a regression model that did not include interaction effects.
The analyses that include interaction effects indicate that the benefits of a university degree do not vary by achievement score.
Similarly, we allowed for differential gender effects by including interaction of stigma and SMI with the gender of the respondent and found high effect on poverty: female PSMI were 9.61 (95% CI 5.58 to 16.5) more likely to be poor compared with male controls.
Non-proportional excess hazards models, i.e., models with time-dependent covariate effects, are often biologically plausible when studying cancer patient survival and such models can be fitted by including interaction terms for the covariate effects that are assumed to depend on time and the spline function representing the time scale.
32 We evaluated statistically significant effect modification by including interaction terms in the models.
We conducted subgroup analyses of soy isoflavone intake and risk, stratified by menopausal status and examined the potential effect modification by including interaction terms for body size.
We assessed effect modification by including interaction terms for previous year's exposure with parental atopy, SPT positivity, and cohort indicator.
We assessed effect modification by including interaction terms for exposure before asthma onset with sex, parental atopy, SPT positivity, and cohort indicator.
Effect modification between nativity and neighborhood SES or the combined SES/enclave variable was assessed by conducting stratified analyses and by including interaction terms in the multivariable models; effect modification was considered present if the interaction term was significant at p < 0.10.
We examined whether income modified the effect of education, by including interaction terms between education and income (categorised as below or above median income).
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