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According to the kinematic theorem (Como 1996), the position of the hinges (x i ) is obtained maximizing Eq. (2), obtained from Eq. (1), by imposing a null value of the internal work: mu left( {x_{i} } right) = - frac{{leftlangle {g,delta uleft( {x_{i} } right)} rightrangle }}{{leftlangle {h,delta uleft( {x_{i} } right)} rightrangle }} (2).
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This LRT's null model is formed by imposing a single, non-boundary constraint on the alternative model (i.e., the constraint that ω3 = ω4), reducing model size by one estimated parameter.
Analysis can be restricted according to data quality, by imposing a minimum number of supported reads.
We implement the extrapolated boundary conditions as follows: we enlarge the medium by 1 mm and impose a null photon density at the extrapolated boundary.
A theoretical consistency is met by imposing monotonicity.
In (11), a code graph is shown for the case of F=3 fading per codeword [12] by means of imposing null matrices on the parity-check matrix, along with restrictions on the cycles present in the sub-graphs of the code.
We impose a distribution of p-biases in this null model that is identical to the one inferred for the core so that this null model only differs in mean C p (and thus in the Input and Output distribution).
Thus, our evolutionary null hypothesis that rapid growth imposes a cost on survival is not valid and must be replaced by the alternative hypothesis of overall vigour.
For the evolutionary null hypothesis, we assumed that rapid growth imposes a genetic cost on survival.
The editorial board imposes a few institutional constraints, by design.
Statistical significance tests start by specifying a null hypothesis.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com