They were further purified by immunomagnetic separation using the Dynabeads Anti- Cryptosporidium kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA).
The oocysts were extracted from the suspension by immunomagnetic separation using Dynabeads ® GC Combo (Life Technologies).
Circulating epithelial cells are harvested from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by immunomagnetic separation using BerEP4-coated beads.
Then monoblasts (CD14+) and myeloblasts (CD14-) cell fractions were obtained by immunomagnetic separation using the MACS technology (Miltenyi).
EpCAM-positive cells are enriched by immunomagnetic separation using EpCAM-specific antibodies conjugated to magnetic particles and then stained with fluorescent anti-cytokeratin and 4′,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), while hematopoietic cells are stained with anti-CD45 antibodies.
Monocyte isolation was carried out by density gradient centrifugation using Histopaque 1077 (Sigma Aldrich, USA) followed by negative immunomagnetic separation using Dynal Monocyte Negative Isolation Kit (Invitrogen, USA).
MNCs were subjected to immunomagnetic separation using AC133 Cell Isolation Kit (Miltenyi Biotech; Auburn, CA; ), according to manufacturer's instruction [ 56, 57].
For CD34+ selection, leukemic cells were subjected to immunomagnetic separation using a MACS CD34 MicroBead Kit (Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, CA, USA) following the manufacturer's recommendations.
Detection typically involves an initial enrichment step, such as gradient centrifugation or immunomagnetic separation, used together with either positive selection for CTCs (for example, by epithelium-specific antibodies such as anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)) or by negative depletion of hematopoietic cells (for example, by antibodies against CD45) [ 70].
After pre-enrichment, 1 ml broth was processed by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) using paramagnetic beads coated with antibodies to E. coli O157 (Dynabeads anti E. coli O157; Dynal, Oslo, Norway).
Initial stx1 PCR-positive primary faecal cultures from which an stx1-positive E. coli could not be retrieved by retesting of single colonies were concentrated for E. coli O145 by immunomagnetic separation (AIMS) using Dynabeads™ and BeadRetriever™, as described by the manufacturers (Dynal Invitrogen, Oslo, Norway).
