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b Histogram of solar cell efficiencies for each 66 FAPbI3-based cells fabricated by IEP and conventional process [26].
The comparison of SEM surface images of FAPbI3-based layer formed on mp-TiO2 by IEP (b) and conventional method (c).
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The positions recognized by the IEP are sufficiently few and flexible that the algorithm generally identifies multiple rank-ordered target sites in any gene.
RNPs initiate DNA integration by recognizing DNA target sites, with most of the target sequence recognized by base pairing of the intron RNA and only a small number of bases recognized by the IEP [3] [7].
The 3' DNA end generated at the cleavage site is then used by the IEP as a primer for reverse transcription of the inserted intron RNA, resulting in an intron cDNA that is integrated by host enzymes [16], [17].
Reverse splicing occurs in two steps, the first of which is attachment of intron lariat RNA to the 5' end of the 3' exon leaving a strand break, while second-strand cleavage is a conventional DNA endonuclease reaction catalyzed by the IEP [1].
The intron is targeted to desired sites with the aid of a computer algorithm, which scans the target sequence for the best matches to the positions recognized by the IEP and then designs PCR primers for modifying the intron to base pair optimally to those sites [7].
It is supposed that the initial DNA target site recognition is accomplished by the intron IEP, which recognizes specific bases of the DNA target site through major groove interactions cf. (Singh and Lambowitz 2001; Lambowitz and Zimmerly 2011).
Group II intron mobility is mediated by a ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of the IEP encoded by the ORF and the spliced intron lariat RNA, which remains associated with the IEP.
The pzc has been measured by potentiometric titration and has been found to coincide with the iep determined by microelectrophoresis.
Marksmen were unable to kill the minimum number of animals required and an independent expert panel (IEP) appointed by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs concluded the culls were neither effective nor humane.
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