Similarly, we developed sequence-based models by generating mutant attributes through two applications of n-grams, a technique previously used by other groups in a variety of studies on proteins [ 32- 36] though not in this particular realm.
To investigate which parts of pre-miRNA are recognized by TUT7, we generated mutants of pre-let-7a-1, a pre-miRNA that belongs to group II.
Here we show, by generating double mutants of Fezf2, Ctip2, and Satb2, that cortical neurons deploy a complex genetic switch that uses mutual repression to produce subcortical or callosal projections.
This hypothesis can be tested by generating loss-of-function mutants in the testis-specific ubiquilin genes.
The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to silence target gene expression has greatly facilitated mammalian genetic analysis by generating loss-of-function mutants.
TM o k )= total number of generated mutants by operator o k.
where A X is the fitness value A of the individual X; D M X is the number of dead mutants, killed by executing the set X; AM is the number of active mutants being considered, that is, this set can be obtained from the set of generated mutants by discarding those mutants that are not valid (anomalous) or that generate equivalent sets of products, when compared with the original FM.
To test whether these hydrophobic residues are important for maintaining MLKL structure and function, we generated mutants by substituting each of these residues with glutamic acid (E), namely ND V35E/L38E or L42E/L45E or L61E/F64E or L68E/A71E or I75E/F78E -HBD* I75E/F78E -HBD*
Random-insertion of P-elements is another common method to generate mutants by creating deletions following the excision of P-elements.
Potential mechanisms of resistance to caspofungin in A. fumigatus were highlighted by two classes of laboratory generated mutants with reduced susceptibility to caspofungin (Gardiner et al., 2005).
