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In conclusion, there is a multitude of imaginable modes of interaction with the stratum corneum which need further elucidation by functional studies in vitro.
The evidence, which was initially born from structural considerations [20], was supported by functional studies in both the mammalian and nematode systems.
The oncogenic potential of these factors was also strongly supported by functional studies in established cancer cell lines and mouse models (reviewed in [ 3, 12, 28, 68, 69]).
Genome-wide study populations in humans have indicated PITX2 as a candidate susceptibility gene for atrial arrhythmias, later confirmed by functional studies in adult Pitx2 heterozygous mice.
To our knowledge, the existence of the gp41 PHI is only supported by functional studies, in particular inhibition of membrane fusion and HIV infection with NHR or CHR+MPER peptides.
This is supported by functional studies in vitro, which demonstrate that knockdown of the key negative regulator of the PI3K pathway, phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), supports the survival of cultured wild-type and G93A SOD1 motor neurons.
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This paradoxical association of EpCAM expression with prognosis in different cancers is supported by functional studies of EpCAM biology using in vitro and in vivo cancer models as well.
Their roles in coordinating floral developmental processes have been revealed by functional studies largely carried out in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana.
We have been able to show that APITD1 in fact has cell growth and/or cell death properties in neuroblastoma cells by functional studies of the APITD1A mRNA in cell lines.
If these results are substantiated by functional studies demonstrating OXPHOS deficits in people with AMD, they may provide a basis for planning clinical trials with compounds exhibiting antioxidant and mitotropic properties.
The anatomical evidence for the pars tuberalis being a critical site of melatonin action is supported by elegant functional studies in a semi-domesticated breed of sheep, the Soay ram.
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