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The L-protein (dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase) is an enzyme shared by four pathways, all of which are mitochondrial.
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Psychologist Professor Stanley Rachman, a leading authority on the development of anxiety, suggests "fears can be acquired by three pathways: conditioning, vicarious exposures and by the transmission of information and instruction".
In mammalian cells, apoptosis is initiated primarily by two pathways (Hengartner, 2000).
The response to stress is physiologically triggered by an activating signal that is mediated by two pathways.
Figure 1 The response of the brain to systemic infection is physiologically triggered by an activating signal that is mediated by three pathways.
The addition reaction of PCB-77 and ·OH to produce the reactive intermediate IM5 can be followed by two pathways (Fig. 4a).
In 24 26-day-old immature testes, androstanediol is formed by two pathways; the predominant one involves testosterone → dihydrotestosterone → androstanediol, and a second utilizes the pathway progesterone → 5α-dihydroprogesterone → 5α-pregnane-3α-ol-24 26-day-oldregnane-3α,17α-diol-24 26-day-oldosterone → androstanedimmature
The enhanced antimicrobial ability originated from the synergistic activities of the three components and the proposed mechanisms contained electrostatic interaction followed by two pathways: released Ag species and oxidative stress caused by photo-generated reactive radicals.
The arrangement of the superficial facial veins enables blood flow from the nasal cavity into the peripheral circulation by two pathways: through the frontal vein into the cavernous sinus and through the facial vein into the external jugular vein.
The coagulation system can be activated by two pathways, the intrinsic and the extrinsic, of which both lead to the formation of the prothrombinase complex on phospholipid membranes.
The secretion leads, by two pathways, depending on the substance encountered, to the cleavage and activation of the proclotting enzyme generating the clotting enzyme.
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