Sentence examples for by four distinct pathways from inspiring English sources

The complement cascade can be activated by four distinct pathways, three of which converge at the level of the C3 component, leading to the cleavage of C3 and C5 to their activated forms, C3a and C5a, as well as the formation of the terminal membrane attack complex [21], [22].

Encystation contributes to immune evasion [23] by two distinct pathways: first, the cyst wall covers the trophozoite surface during encystation and sequesters it from host defenses and second, encystation leads to switching of VSPs [18], [24], [25].

Apoptotic cell death signaling is generally mediated by two distinct pathways that are connected in a unique loop structure through the final downstream activation of caspase-3 molecules [13].

Apoptotic cell death can be induced by two distinct pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic.

After intravenous administration, USPIO particles reach lymph nodes by two distinct pathways (Fig. 1).

In the mammalian liver, Hcy can be remethylated back to methionine by two distinct pathways.

Studies thus suggest that NO-mediated depression of myocardial contractility appears in two separate time frames by two distinct pathways.

It has been reported that BMP signalling is mediated by two distinct pathways: the canonical Smad pathway and the TAK1-p38 MAP kinase pathway (Derynck and Zhang, 2003).

Apoptotic cell death in mammals can proceed by two distinct pathways that ultimately converge into a common pathway causing the activation of the effector enzymes caspases.

NF-κB/RelA translocation is controlled by two distinct pathways controlling sequential waves of NF-κB dependent gene expression [ 55, 56].

In mycobacteria, mannose is probably obtained by two distinct pathways: firstly, by transport of extracellular mannose from the medium or the extracellular environment with the activity of a hexokinase (Kowalska et al., 1980).