In other words, the MT bundles induced by forced expression of marshalin in heterologous expression systems is relevant to formation of the unique dense MT bundle structures seen in Deiters' cells and pillar cells in the organ of Corti, which show remarkably high marshalin expression.
Confirming this notion, transcription-independent apoptosis triggered by forced expression of HIPK2 in the presence of α-amanitin also required Pin1.
We previously reported rapid reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into mature induced neuronal (iN) cells by forced expression of three transcription factors: ASCL1, MYT1L, and BRN2.
In vitro, this irrevocability has been illustrated by forced expression of wild-type ZFP57 in a Zfp57 null embryonic stem cell line, which does not restore DNA methylation at ICRs.
In contrast, stem cell activity was enhanced in basal cells, which endogenously express Slug, by forced expression of Sox9.
It has been reported that direct reprogramming of non-muscle cells into cardiomyocytes can be achieved in vitro and in vivo by forced expression of cardiac transcription factors, including Gata4, Mef2c, Tbx5, Hand2, etc.
However, UCP1 expression was significantly induced by forced expression of COX2 alone or in combination with COX1 (Figure 4D).
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated by forced expression of four pluripotency factors in somatic cells.
In Drosophila, elimination of germ cells (GCs) by forced expression of the differentiation gene bam in late development or adulthood was found to increase median life span by +14%to+78%8% in males, and by +23% to +100% in females [ 16].
The extended lifespan induced by forced expression of inducible STAT5 mutants described in this paper provides a tool to expand in vitro cultured single human memory B cells to obtain monoclonal cell lines.
