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CFO and channel estimation can be done separately by first estimating the CFO and then performing channel estimation in the second step.
The estimated effect of treatment on outcomes is calculated by first estimating the effect of the expected reduction in BP on BP group and then by the estimating the effect of BP group on morbidity and mortality.
Second, we estimate the treatment effect by first estimating the nuisance discontinuity point.
We calculated ecologically fragile hotspots by first estimating the sensitivity of Shanghai's ecosystems to three key external disturbances (i.e., main drivers of ecological change): soil erosion, desertification, and salinization.
The robot's stability is computed by first estimating the robot's pose, which in turn is interpreted as a contact problem, formulated as a linear complementarity problem (LCP), and solved using the Lemke's method (which guarantees a fast convergence).
For this reason, we start by first estimating the probability of interest by Monte Carlo trials.
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Next, SNPs were projected onto the 4692 RIL progeny of the NAM and IBM families by first estimating their physical distance to the nearest flanking markers of the first marker set of 1106 markers based on maize RefGenV1.
These individual probe intensities are used in the subsequent preprocessing steps, during which each array is standardized by first estimating and then subtracting the background signal in order to reduce the effect of non-specific hybridization [ 44].
We therefore take an indirect approach, by first estimating age-wealth profiles of the living, and then deriving age-wealth profiles at death4.
Edge protection works by first estimating a significant brightness level for the neighborhood.
It is constructed by first estimating a macro-econometric model explaining the quarterly age and gender-specific employment rates over the period 1997 (first year where the data are available) to 2007.
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by first assessing the
by first ascertaining the
by first determining the
by first squeezing the
by first taking the
by first presenting the
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by first denying the
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