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The propagation delays are obtained by finding the peak values of Pt in the same way as in the S-MUSIC algorithm.
By finding the peak in the received signals cross correlation, we can estimate the distance between the receivers as d ^ = Δ τ c 0, with c0 indicating the speed of light.
The chromatic focal shift [ Fig. 2(a) ] is plotted by finding the peak intensity wavelength for each axial position.
To quantify the responses of spiking receptors, we detected spikes by finding the peak voltage that crossed a manually set threshold specific to each receptor.
Because the first derivative of the arterial pulse waveform denotes the moving velocity of the arterial wall, the maximum velocity point can be derived by finding the peak of the first-order differential curve of the arterial pulse waveform (4(b)).
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In the time-frequency framework, this leads to a time-frequency MUSIC based approach for each estimated θ i, i = 1,..., L0, i.e., estimating the paired ϕ i by finding the peaks of the following pseudo spatial spectrum f = 1 a r H [ a t ( θ i ) ⊗ I N r ] H U n, 0 U n, 0 H [ a t ( θ i ) ⊗ I N r ] a r.
Since the 2D fourth-order time-average moment spectrum peaks at the frequencies of harmonic, the problem of harmonic retrieval can be solved by finding the extremum values.
As a result, the time delay sample can be estimated by finding the maximum peak of the ES-GCC function as (9).
ICPF integrates the energy of auto terms, yielding distinct peaks in the time and frequency rate domain, by which, the chirp rate can be easily determined by finding the highest peak.
This is done by finding the M peaks in the MUSIC spectrum defined by: (8).
Note that the azimuth DOAs for all the incoming sources can be estimated by finding the M peaks from the following 1-D MUSIC spectral function P = a H I - U 1 U 1 H a - 1 (16).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com