Microspheres were isolated from the mixture by filtration through a 0.45-µm PTFE filter (4555, Pall Corporation, Russia).
Microbial communities were harvested after 24 h by filtration through a 0.22-μM polycarbonate filter that was then immediately frozen at −80 °C.
PEG-HCCs were isolated from serum by filtration through a second 100,000 MWCO filter and washed with 4 mL of deionized water three times.
Particles were sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 μm polyethersulfone filter.
The reaction mixture was sterilized by filtration through a 0.22-μm Millex GV filter (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
The reaction mixture was then sterilized by filtration through a 3k Amicon Ultra Centrifugal Filter (Merck Millipore).
Before being added to the medium, CdCl2, NaCl or H2O2 solutions were sterilized by filtration through a 0.22-μm membrane.
At the end of each experiment solids were captured by filtration through a syringe filter with a removable 0.45-µm filter disc.
First, the bacteria were separated from particulate material, which are presumably iron hydroxide particles in the media, by filtration through a 5-μm pore size polycarbonate filter (Millipore™).
Single-cell suspensions were obtained by filtration through a 40µm filter.
Purified IgG was sterilized by filtration through a 0.22-µm filter (Millipore).
