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The first author (GS) developed the data extraction table and piloted it by extracting data on one study.
Binary outcomes were analysed by extracting data on the number of events in each arm.
Continuous outcomes were analysed by extracting data on respective values of that outcome in each arm.
Migrant status was determined by extracting data on the 'country of birth' variable.
We conducted a nested case control study by extracting data on patients given a diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease and HIV (International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision (ICD-10) I20-25, and HIV, ICD-10 B20-24) from January 1998 to December 2008.
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On the basis of review criteria data on processes of care were collected by extracting data from medical records and by means of structured interviews.
By extracting data from suppliers, Apple's chip team has a feedback loop into product planning.
Disagreements were solved by discussion. 2 authors independently extracted data on study characteristics and results using pre-tested forms.
Similar to a process used by Renzaho et al. (50), we extracted data on the characteristics of included studies, including study research design, population under study, setting, sample size, study results, and limitations.
We coded the included studies (n = 85) on two methodological dimensions (suitability of study design and quality of execution) and extracted data on effects stratified by up to six different dimensions of inequality (income, occupation, education, gender, race or ethnicity, and age), distinguishing between 'hard' (behavioural) and 'intermediate' (process or attitudinal) outcomes.
We extracted data on the study design criteria assessed by each instrument.
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