Sentence examples for by experimental methods such from inspiring English sources

Ideally, F8 from rhizobial GCSs should be identified by experimental methods, such as x-ray crystallography.

However, the identified genes and their regulatory networks require thorough functional validations by experimental methods such as reverse genetics.

Alternatively, many sRNAs have been identified by experimental methods, such as the shot-gun cloning method and tiling microarrays [ 18– 20].

The investigation of transport properties of GNRs by various experimental methods such as vacancies generation [22], topological defects [23], adsorption [24], doping [25], chemical functionalization [26 28], and molecular junctions [29] have been reported.

Further, the proteolysis of PEG-GFLG on the cantilever surface is also confirmed by conventional experimental methods such as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and AFM imaging.

With the development of DNA microarrays and fast sequencing technique, many transcription factor binding sites have been identified by using experimental methods such as ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq [ 4– 6].

Chemical structure of the PS derivatives was confirmed after each synthesis step by a combination of experimental methods such as infrared and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopies, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.

As a result, only a few classes of RNA secondary structures have been determined definitively by comparative sequence analysis or experimental methods such as NMR, crystallography, and chemical and enzymatic mapping (19− 27).

This suggests that the binding affinity between AuNPs and chemically functionalized surface can be quantitatively understood by using either of the indirect experimental methods such as cantilever assay or direct force measurement such as LFM imaging.

Such computational annotation methods are also critical in analyzing, interpreting and characterizing large complex data sets from high-throughput experimental methods, such as protein-protein interactions (PPI) [ 3] and gene expression data by clustering similar genes and proteins.

This in silico approach will also need validation by experimental methods and in animal models.