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A number of studies have tested the crowding out and crowding in hypotheses by examining panel data (e.g. [ 8, 10, 11, 13- 18]).
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Examining the panel data over the period between 2003 and 2014 indicates that well-diversified portfolios improve the efficiency by adjusting the input variables (σ and β).
Before running causality and regression analyses to examine the panel data, we used the (Im, Pesaran and Shin (IPS) panel unit root test developed by Im et al. (2003) to confirm the stationarity of the series.
It does so by examining extant data.
Gómez-Aguirre and Rodríguez-Chávez (2013a, b) also examine price convergence across the main Mexican cities by employing panel data unit root tests.
Alternatively, this may have arisen because the panel was not yet comfortable enough with the process; this latter hypothesis is testable by examining individual test-retest data over time.
A more accurate picture can be seen by examining state income tax data from the New Jersey Division of Taxation.
By examining clicks and other data, Cadreon determined the demographic profile of groups that were most interested in the ads.
That's when an AI learns through trial and error, rather than by examining vast quantities of data.
This study used panel data provided by the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.
Linear regression based on dynamic panel data, examined the impact of working capital on competitive performance.
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