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The values of k s for the pipeline tests were corroborated by estimating the same values on the basis of the Colebrook correlation: frac{1}{sqrt f } = - 2log_{10} left( {frac{{k_{text{s}} }}{{3.7D_{{text{eff}}} }} + frac{2.51}{{Re_{text{w}} sqrt f }}} right), quad 4 times 10^{3} < Re < 1 times 10^{8} (1)The values of k s for these tests were determined using Eq. (1) and the CFD methodology.
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Although pathologists' consensus values are commonly used to validate these tools, we argue that the ground truth can be best achieved by stereology methods, estimating the same variable as an algorithm is intended to do.
Estimating the same model by weighted OLS (allowing for disturbance variances to vary by city) gives very similar coefficients, an R2=.959 and easily passes a Ramsey Reset test.
FST provides a measure of population differentiation by estimating the correlation of alleles within the same sub-population relative to that found in the entire population.
Using historical presidential approval data broken down by party, I estimated the same model and compared its prediction to Mr. Obama's actual approval among Democrats, independents and Republicans (click on image to enlarge).
Until 2009 (i.e., the historical period considered by the submissions for FMRL), we estimated the same trend reported by the countries' submissions and by Rüter [16]e, even if the sink estimated by our study is on average 11% (compared with the submissions for FMRL) and 21% (compared with Rüter's estimates) lower than these studies (considering the period 1990 200808).
Until 2009 (i.e., the historical period considered by the submissions for FMRL), we estimated the same trend reported by the countries' submissions and by Rüter [ 16]e, even if the sink estimated by our study is on average 11% (compared with the submissions for FMRL) and 21% (compared with Rüter's estimates) lower than these studies (considering the period 1990 200808).
Genome size was estimated by the same method as described by [ 50] The pot volume was 10 l, with the bottoms covered by a sterile textile to keep the material inside; a total of 320 pots were used.
All traits used here were estimated by the same individual (EG) to eliminate inter-observer variation and % measurement error for all traits retained for analysis was estimated to be < 1% [ 32].
The cost per patient given G-CSF is estimated by the same formula but the percentage of patients hospitalised is reduced by the relative risk associated with hospitalisation and the reduction in the length of stay (obtained from the meta-analysis of the clinical trials) and the cost of G-CSF is added.
In model 2, such influences are estimated by the same method.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com