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It operates by estimating the difference between group-specific average health care expenditures and the overall average.
In the dynamic one, the weights are computed at runtime by estimating the difference between each predictor and the actual signal.
It is possible to control the approximation error at each step by estimating the difference between approximations at order N − 1 and N. By wisely choosing the coefficients a i j and c i, intermediate points calculated in the method can be used to calculate two separate evaluations of the solution: A first evaluation ψ n + 1 = ψ n + Δ t ∑ i = 1 N b i k i accurate at order N.
We adjusted this baseline difference by estimating the difference between the expression levels of housekeeping genes common to the two datasets.
Memory retention was assessed by focusing data analysis on test trial scores, i.e., by estimating the difference between the T group and the respective U group of each pair.
Over fitting was avoided by estimating the difference between the proportion of successful reassignments and values obtained using random grouping.
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In this, the significance of factors was tested by individually subtracting each factor in turn from the full model and comparing models by estimating the difference in deviance (G) between the two models.
The 0th, 1st and 2nd order Markov chain model based genomic signatures, referred to here respectively as ZOM, FOM and SOM based models, are different methods used to compare genomes by estimating the total difference between observed and approximated tetranucleotide frequencies.
Instead, we include the broad array of workers who were hit by firm bankruptcies and estimate the differences between these various groups of workers.
After applying a matching method, it is necessary to check whether the treated and control groups are sufficiently balanced by estimating the standardized mean difference between the groups or by applying graphical methods such as quantile-quantile plots, cumulative distribution functions plots, etc. [34].
To measure heterogeneity we applied MA technology and estimated the differences between samples by determining the number of DE genes.
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