As shown in Fig. 1, the cylindrical double clamped nanowire resonator is driven by electrostatic force exerted between itself and the bottom electrode (also called gate electrode).
IgG molecules are simplified as small balls in the solution; the position, velocity, and acceleration of which in the solution are mainly determined by the electrostatic force between biomolecules, electrostatic force generated by the applied electric field, and van der Waltz force among the molecules (rather smaller).
Thereafter, concanavalin A (Con A) was adsorbed onto the precursor film by the electrostatic force between positively charged chitosan and the negatively charged Con A. Finally, the multilayers of Con A/GOD films were prepared based on biospecific affinity of Con A and GOD via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique.
However, the channel opening probability vs. bias voltage, i.e., the gating, can be shifted considerably by the electrostatic force between the charges on the DNA and the voltage sensing domain of the protein.
The PFM displacement was influenced little by the electrostatic force between the sample and the cantilever assembly since they were at the same electrical (the whole cantilever body was electrically screened by the tip) and contact (Pt-tip and Pt-patch) potential.
Enzymes were deposited by electrostatic force and further stabilized via crosslinking between enzymes and polymer matrices.
The first of them suggests that microorganisms are attracted by electrostatic force to the surface of the hydroxyapatite, where there is a direct interaction between the bacterial cell membrane and silver ions.
It proved that AuNPs truly interacted with graphene-PDDA nanosheets by electrostatic force.
Deflections, or collisions, are caused by electrostatic forces operating between the negatively charged electrons and atoms within the solid (see quantum electrodynamics).
Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) [193] can also be used to visualize the migration and accumulation of oxygen ions by calculating the electrostatic force between the probe and the sample.
