The accurate calculation of the contributions of electrostatic interactions is very important in biophysical and biochemical modelling as many biological processes are regulated by electrostatic effects.
As AMP and ADP are both highly charged (predominantly AMP2– and ADP3– ), it is possible that these interactions are offset by electrostatic effects or by entropic contributions from nucleotide binding or solvent ordering around the highly solvated phosphates; in the future, these effects may be distinguished by nucleotide analogues with the negative phosphates replaced with neutral sulfonamides.
Paradoxically for a putatively exposed tryptophan side-chain, quenching was lowest with iodide – normally considered to be most effective in quenching exposed groups, but likely to be strongly influenced by local electrostatic effects (refs. [28], [31] and refs therein).
Although the activities of these compounds are weakly correlated with the log P values, the current QSAR analysis revealed that the anti-thrombotic activity of these compounds can be explained by their steric and electrostatic effects.
Hence, to a first approximation, the measured E°′ value coincides with Δ H°′rc,int and would ultimately be determined by the selective enthalpic stabilization of one of the two redox states by first coordination and electrostatic effects.
This suggests that since the amount of growth factor bound to the chitosan molecule through ionic interactions by combining with oppositely charged chitosan and bFGF had increased, the release period tended to be prolonged by an electrostatic effect [ 49].
This contrasts with nonspecific electrostatic effects, which are generally believed to be entropy-driven.
Thus, synergistic hydrophobic and electrostatic effects, conferred by disordered protein regions mediate the reversible membrane interaction.
These results suggest that intra-array folding and interarray assembly are governed by specific interactions and coarse electrostatic effects, respectively.
Solute rejection in NF membranes is determined primarily by a combination of steric and electrostatic effects.
