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For example, inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to cardiomyocyte lineage cells by electrical stimulation with CNTs was succeeded in vitro, and notably finding evidence of electrically stimulated cross talk among these cells.
The data demonstrate indomethacin, naproxen and ibuprofen are able to inhibit dural vasodilation induced by electrical stimulation, with ibuprofen showing a later onset of the inhibition, and indomethacin a shorter duration of the effect when compared to the two other drugs used.
This may hint at an induction of mechanical sensations and partial recruitment of Aδ fibers by electrical stimulation with 5 Hz pulses.
To ensure that the PP and SC are independently activated by electrical stimulation with electrodes placed at stratum radiatum (SR) and stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM), we used paired-pulses or tri-pulses to deliver stimuli at SC-PP or PP-SC.
Isometric twitches were evoked by electrical stimulation with a stimulation frequency of 1 Hz (stimulation voltage 25% above threshold).
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In differentiated NSCs at 4 DIV, the number of cells stained with the anti-Tuj1 antibody was increased by electrical stimulation compared with those of non-stimulated cells (Figure 5B).
In differentiated NSCs at 7 DIV, the number of cells stained with the anti-Tuj1, NeuN or MAP2 antibodies was increased by electrical stimulation compared with that of non-stimulated cells (Figure 6).
Sphincter contraction was provoked by electrical stimulation and recorded with a catheter mounted electrode.
A single muscle fatigue task, induced by electrical stimulation, in combination with two injections of pH 5.0 saline, also enhances the hyperalgesia in a sex-dependent manner (male and female mice) [ 39].
Both the electrically-induced IPSC, and the peak amplitude increase elicited by pairing electrical stimulation with photoactivation of astrocytes, were abolished by addition of bicuculline, indicating that all outward currents were mediated by GABAA receptor activation (paired t-test t(4) = 3.682, P = 0.0015, n = 5 cells, 3 mice; Fig. 4a c).
Evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) were induced in pyramidal neurons of layer III by electrical stimulation of layer V with a bipolar electrode (test pulses at 0.1 Hz, 0.2 ms duration, stimulus intensity fixed at 2/3 of maximal eEPSCs amplitude).
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