Sentence examples for by either mutation alone from inspiring English sources

Two genes are called genetically interacting if their mutations have a combined effect not exhibited by either mutation alone (see Methods section).

Genetic interactions (GIs), in which two gene mutations have a combined effect not exhibited by either mutation alone, span overlapping functions and compensatory pathways.

The double mutant had signficantly reduced linear growth compared to either mutation alone reiterating that there is some combined function [8].

Here, we observe that the physiological signal of Ubl phosphorylation has a stronger signal than either mutation alone.

Whether allelic variation is maintained at the relevant loci by mutation alone or by some selective advantage for asexual reproduction is not known.

Sets of genes found only in certain strains of a bacterial species are of special interest because their gain or loss can change bacterial phenotypes and evolutionary potentials in ways not typically achievable by point mutation alone [1].

This implies that a reduction in IS copy number by spontaneous mutation alone is unlikely.

The action of AID is focused predominantly on the variable regions of the immunoglobulin genes and it is estimated that the AID leads to a mutation rate in the variable regions that is approximately 1 million times higher than would occur by spontaneous mutation alone [ 168].

Further experiments should focus on the role of T97A by introducing this mutation alone into the integrase gene.

If we again assume that their nucleotide divergence arose by mutation alone, their estimated divergence time is 890 (814–970) years.

Thus bacterial populations that (in the absence of phage) would have been trapped at sub-optimal local peaks in the adaptive landscape are able (in the presence of phage) to reach alternate higher peaks than could have been reached by mutation alone.