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Since CRTS frame transmission by each sender node is modeled as a Beroulli distribution with the probability τ, two probabilities P tr and P s are derived as begin{array}rcl@ P_{{{tr}}} &=& 1- 1-tau)^{N_{s}} end{array} (23).
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We consider the time to be slotted, and the link layer at each sender node attempts to transmit with a probability of 0.2 in every slot.
Similarly, the 'data-bandwidth' request generates by the sender node and transmits it to the gateway.
The transmitting spectrum is chosen by the sender node and is notified to the receiver node via a common control channel, also called CCC.
Therefore, the CAM service level as calculated by the sender node will correspond with the achieved service level at the intended receivers.
The transmit power used by the sender node must be small in order to allow the RSS/PER comparison at critical conditions.
In either case, the delay between two network nodes is defined as the interval between when the time information is generated by the sender node and when this information is determined by the receiver node.
In addition to ACK conflict problem, there is no guarantee that the ACKs received by the sender nodes are not returned by the nodes that returned ACK before.
Based on the estimated distance from the sender node, each node will calculate its forwarding sequence.
The 5 holes in the center are used by sender nodes and only one of these holes can contain an active sender for an experiment.
This scheme combines information from different data sources in one particle filter per neighbour, for example, position information is verified through cooperative awareness message (CAM) by sender nodes and neighbour nodes as well as with local sensors (digital road map, radar, Lidar, directional antennas).
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