Copy your existing formats and spreadsheet layout by duplicating a tab.
In the case where the two duplicates' probabilities of retention differ by a factor r, the two duplicates have probabilities 0.5(1±r) along each branch, and, assuming independent loss along each branch, the probability that X and C retain the same duplicate is [0.5(1+r)]2+[0.5(1−r)]2 = 0.5(1+r2), giving an average internal branch length of d-r2 d-e), which is less than d-r2 d-e
Helminth infection intensities were determined by multiplying the species-specific average egg counts from duplicate Kato Katz thick smears by a factor of 24, dividing the species-specific sum of eggs counted in the two flotation chambers by the measured weight of the preserved stool sample and multiplying the result by factor 1.2 to derive eggs per 1 g stool (EPG).
The mutation effects on the duplicated genes were reduced by a factor 1/ C, as previously.
First, we disentangle the multiplicity of possible structures formed by duplicate transcription factors.
The data in Table 1 show that concentrations of Fe extractable by ascorbate (FeA) in the duplicate iceberg sediments mostly vary by a factor of 3 or less (e.g. S1 0.104% and 0.038%; S4 0.19% and 0.104%; KG1 0.071% and 0.042%; KG2 0.057% and 0.059%) but these differences are within the range of the between iceberg variation (0.06 to 0.36%).
PBMCs from 5‐day cultures were serially diluted by a factor of a ½ in duplicates or triplicates (depending on the numbers of cultured PBMC available) to final concentrations of between 0.125 × 10 and 1 × 10 PBMC/well to detect total IgG+ ASCs, and between 0.062 × 10 and 2 × 10 PBMC per well to detect antigen‐specific ASCs.
It was determined that using a flexible fibre grid with large spacing between fibre tows was the most efficient option, as it duplicated the flexural strength and increased the flexural toughness by a factor of sixty.
All duplicate Optical Density (OD) values > 0.2 which differed by more than a factor of 1.5 were rejected.
The copy number of the IMD2 gene increased by a factor of 2 in Lalvin EC-1118 and UM237 strains, as well as in strain Lalvin ICV D254, although the latter was not highlighted as duplicated by CGH-Miner.
