Large-amplitude disturbances increase the critical length by effectively dividing the gradient into subregions.
In this work, we present an original strategy that takes into account this discontinuous behavior by dividing the input space through the clustering of the gradient space.
Fracture gradient is obtained by dividing the true vertical depth into the fracture pressure.
Fractional alveolar dead space (VD/VT) was estimated by dividing the arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient by the arterial carbon dioxide tension [ 20].
Properties of the delay-of-reinforcement gradients were investigated by dividing the fixed interval into epochs and calculating how much reinforcement of responses in an epoch affected responding in the next interval.
Delay-of-reinforcement gradients were calculated across sessions by dividing the fixed interval into epochs and determining how much reinforcement of responses in one epoch contributed to responding in the next interval.
Fastest doubling times (DT) were estimated by dividing the natural logarithm of 2 by the fastest culture growth rates, where μ is the gradient of the linear trend line fitted to log-transformed OD data.
Minimum (that is, fastest) doubling times (DTmin) were estimated by dividing the natural logarithm of 2 by the fastest culture growth rates, where μ is the gradient of the linear trend line fitted to log-transformed OD data.
Here, delay-of-reinforcement gradients were calculated for SHR and controls by dividing the fixed interval into epochs and counting the various responses within each epoch that recurred in the next interval.
