Sentence examples for by direct sampling from inspiring English sources

Classical studies of volcanic gases by direct sampling and analysis can be applied only for accessible fumaroles, and studies of large-scale degassing activities were quite limited.

Conventional pharmaceutical processes involving cell culture growth are generally taken under control with expensive and long laboratory tests performed by direct sampling to evaluate quality.

The observed range of the HQ/SO2 ratio (0.01−0.7) is consistent with preceding observations of volcanic gas at Aso volcano by direct sampling, a volatile trap method, and FT-IR spectroscopy.

While in-flight ash detection is still a complicated task (Prata and Tupper 2009), airspace contamination by volcanic ash at the time of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption was confirmed for large areas of Europe by direct sampling (Schumann et al. 2011) or LIDAR measurements (Wiegner et al. 2012).

Concentration profiles of a large number of major, minor, and trace species, including a wide spectrum of aromatics and PAH, have been determined by direct sampling from flames using a heated quartz microprobe coupled to an online gas chromatograph/mass selective detector (GC/MSD).

This paper concerns estimating uncertainties of the core neutronics design parameters of power reactors by direct sampling method (DSM) calculations based on the two-step McCARD/MASTER design system in which McCARD is used to generate the fuel assembly (FA) homogenized few group constants (FGCs) while MASTER is used to conduct the core neutronics design computation.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the materials were recorded over the range of 400 4000 cm-1 on a Perkin- Elmer 100 series spectrophotometer by direct sample method.

Limits of detection for the selected target compounds were from 0.003 to 0.01 μg/L and 0.01 to 0.5 μg/L, in MS and MS/MS mode, respectively – by direct sample injection of 100 μL.

In order to estimate the possible influence of the cartridge treatment on the perchlorate result, the equivalency of the analytical data obtained by direct sample injection (fundamental analytical procedure) and of the data obtained after injecting the sample after treatment (overall analytical procedure) the method of orthogonal regression described in [29] was used.

In our work, we focussed on perchlorate determinations that are being carried out by direct sample injection without heart-cutting techniques using standard analytical IC equipment, addressing the laboratory workflow needs, as well as the analytical and financial requirements of future users.

In studies designed to uncover population allele frequencies, or population based association studies with complex clinical phenotypes, the first step will have to be elucidation of the population substructure by directed sampling, followed by random sampling from a regional subpopulation.