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Due to the large number of standard normal random variables in stochastic dynamic, this gradient computation should be done by direct differentiation method (DDM) algorithm.
A reinforced concrete frame is modeled for FE sensitivity analysis followed by direct differentiation method under both static and dynamic load cases.
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The design sensitivity is analyzed by using direct differentiation method and adjoint variables method.
The design sensitivities are calculated by the direct differentiation method requiring only backward substitutions on the triangular stiffness matrix.
To support finite element reliability applications, analytical response sensitivities are derived with respect to uncertain material properties, girder dimensions, reinforcing details, and moving loads by the direct differentiation method (DDM).
A coupling algorithm based on the finite element method (FEM) and the wideband fast multipole boundary element method (wideband FMBEM) is proposed for acoustic fluid structure interaction simulation and structural acoustic design sensitivity analysis by using the direct differentiation method.
Acoustic shape sensitivities with respect to control points are calculated by the sensitivity boundary integral equation (BIE) based on the direct differentiation method.
Furthermore, the response sensitivities to various material parameters are computed by using an efficient and accurate gradient computation method, i.e., direct differentiation method (DDM), with limited additional computational cost.
The sensitivities of the limit state function are calculated through the direct differentiation method.
Due to the time-dependent deformation process the direct differentiation method has been implemented.
For the purposes of design sensitivity analysis, a direct differentiation method and an adjoint variable method are presented.
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