Sentence examples for by direct counting and from inspiring English sources

Allele and genotype frequencies were estimated by direct counting and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were tested, in cases and controls separately, using the exact test as implemented in R Genetics package (version 1.2.1) [73].

MICA allele frequencies were estimated by direct counting and represent the percentage of individuals positive for a certain allele.

Phenotypic and genotypic frequencies were estimated by direct counting and distributions were compared using the χ test.

Genotypic frequencies were estimated by direct counting and χ tests were utilized to determine the significance of the association between groups with a contingency table.

Allelic frequencies were calculated by direct counting, and the significance of the association was determined using the χ2 test with Yate's correction or Fisher's exact test.

HPA genotype frequencies were estimated by direct counting, and allele frequencies and heterozygosity were calculated by the genetic marker data analysis software (PowerMarker) [ 12].

Bacteria were quantified by direct count and serially diluted in PBS.

Genotype frequencies of these two SNPs were obtained by directed counting and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated by chi-square test.

The numbers of tumorigenic carcinoma cells were compared with the total numbers of cells released into the circulation as quantitated by direct counting procedures, and it was found that the vast majority of these circulating cells were potentially tumorigenic.

The allelic and genotypic frequencies were determined by direct counting in patients and controls.

HLA allele frequencies where determined by direct counting for BPD and no-BPD groups.