Sentence examples for by direct action on from inspiring English sources

However, inability of endothelin-1 to stimulate TGF-β1 and collagen synthesis in cirrhotic stellate cells suggests that it does not influence fibrogenic activity by direct action on them probably because the processes are already maximally activated.

The effect is mediated by direct action on CD4 and CD8 T cells; the response occurs when OT-I or OT-II cells are transferred to B6 IL-1R1−/− recipients and only cells that express IL-1 receptors can respond.

PACAP could potentially trigger migraine by modulating neurotransmission in the brain areas involved in stress by direct action on neurons, or by triggering astroglial and microglial neuro-inflammatory responses.

They modulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), indicating that antiangiogenic effects might be achieved not only by direct action on vascular endothelial cells but also by blocking compensatory hypoxia- and ligand-induced changes in HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression in the target tumor cells [17].

Based on these results, it may be expected that the use of herbal extracts containing geniposide transformed by the enzyme β-glucosidase from L. antri or fermented by the strain can improve the absorption rate and biological efficacy by direct action on the human body as the studies on bioconversion of various ginsenosides from ginseng using β-glucosidase (Hong et al. 2012; Quan et al. 2012).

In order to clarify whether NPY also regulates bone homeostasis by direct action on bone cells and whether NPY is expressed in bone tissue itself, bone sections were examined by in situ hybridisation.

Important inorganic chemicals made by direct action of chlorine on other substances include sulfur chloride, thionyl chloride, phosgene, aluminum chloride, iron III) chloride, titanium(IV) chloride, tin(IV) chloride, and potassium chlorate.

It has been published in previous works [10] that the fast periosteal response found could be explained by direct action of GH on the pluripotential mesenchymal cells in the first steps of the repair process.

The hydride is obtained by direct action of hydrogen on the metal at 250 °C, and the nitride is a product of ammonia and protactinium tetrachloride or pentachloride.

Contraction and contractility are thought to be regulated indirectly through activation of guanylyl cyclase to generate cGMP, and by direct action of NO on proteins.

These observations make it unlikely that GLP-1 release is only stimulated by direct action of nutrients on L cells.