In summary, vitamin B6 down-modulates the inflammatory response as evidenced by reduced RNA levels encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and by transcriptional indication for diminished activation of microglia.
The chemosensitizing effect of compound Ia could be caused either by an inhibitory activity on DNA repair, a diminished activation of NF-κB, or a combination of both activities.
Chronic activation of mTOR (by high glucose) results in diminished activation of AKT in response to insulin.
Excessive RAAS activity leads to diminished activation of the intracellular insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) - phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PI3-K) signalling pathway.
We find that satellite cells are maintained in aged human skeletal muscle, but fail to activate in response to muscle attrition, due to diminished activation of Notch compounded by elevated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β /phospho Smad3 (pSmad3).
However, the diminished activation of the innate immune response, including antigen-presenting cells, by the absence of M. tuberculosis in IFA/CII brought out increased effects of P. gingivalis in CIA development.
siRNA-mediated knockdown of NG2 expression in pericytes results in diminished activation of β1 signaling in the NG2-deficient pericytes, as revealed by labeling with the conformationally dependent β1 antibody HUTS-21 [ 19].
It is not clear whether the diminished activation of these signalling molecules reflects a reduced need for them to be activated due to the presence of activated Akt or a negative feedback loop by which activated Akt can suppress activation of ErbB3-dependent signalling.
Therefore, our results suggest that the increased susceptibility of Gpx1−/− cells to H2O2-induced apoptosis can be attributed in part to diminished activation of Akt despite an up-regulation in the activation of the prosurvival NFκB.
Specifically, osteogenesis on vitronectin correlated with enhanced focal adhesion formation, the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, and the diminished activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathways.
