Nevertheless, even in the latter option, the welfare variable can be contaminated by differences in preferences.
For example, Blaug praises Gary Becker (1976) for his refusal to explain differences in choices by differences in preferences, but criticizes him for failing to go on and test his theories severely (1980a, chapter 14).
This may suggest that the results are not necessarily attributable to reverse causation brought about by differences in residential preference.
The actual potential for reuse across disciplines may be complicated by differences in disciplinary preferences in relation to preferred types and formats of resources (Littlejohn & Margaryan, 2006) and variances in pedagogic approaches (HEA & Jisc, 2009; Russell, 2005).
As interindividual differences in the behavior in the high cost trials could be brought on by differences in risk preferences, i.e., participants differ in their perception of the risk of not reaching the treasure in the high cost trials, we assessed risk preferences.
Equity feminists argue that the differences in outcomes between women and men can be explained, not by violence against women and sex discrimination, but by differences in the preferences of women and men (Epstein 2002, 33; Stolba and Furchtgott-Roth 1999, xii).
Minor differences in results obtained for all case-patients compared with only mainland patients may be caused by this limitation or by differences in travel preferences between these groups.
Although many of these trends are influenced by differences in the preferences of younger cohorts of doctors, they are also influenced by the institutional structures of the health care system, and can therefore potentially be influenced by government policies.
Changes in the rank order of algorithms between conditions can be explained, not only by differences in the preference-based weighting assigned to each of the domain/summary scores, but several additional factors.
We evaluate whether its current wintering distribution is shaped by anthropogenic disturbances or whether it can be better explained by differences in topography and preference for wetlands, or by landscape composition and configuration.
