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Observed differences in expenditure between districts could be explained by differences in needs caused by differences in disease burden.
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[ 11] There are substantial variations in per-capita healthcare spending, with England spending the least and Scotland the most, although at country level, these differences are partly explained by differences in need, and have reduced post-devolution due to faster growth in healthcare spending in England.
Our finding of a relationship may be explained by differences in perceived needs and expectations of providers between Hispanic and non-Hispanic parents of CSHCN [ 16].
It is evident therefore that ethnicity and immigrant's health states among countries may differ significantly and reference standards among immigrants might be influenced not only by the country, but also by personal or cultural beliefs about health [ 15] and possibly by differences in health needs.
This approach allows one to conclude whether any observed variations in management between Black men and White men are accounted for by differences in clinical need between the two groups of men.
Thus it is difficult to determine if the differential utilisation was explained by structural differences such as variations in social support or by real differences in need, or both.
The Estimation of Causal Effects by Difference-in-Difference Methods.
Second, findings indicate that inequalities in use of services while incarcerated seem to be largely driven by differences in predisposing factors on need.
There is evidence of substantial geographical variation in access to joint replacement within the territory covered by a public national health system, which is unlikely to be explained by differences in preference or unmeasured need alone.
Objective: To investigate socio-economic differences in the use of health services in Belgium and to explore to what extent eventual socio-economic inequalities are explained by differences in demographic determinants and health needs.
These differences could not be explained by differences in the number of phlebotomies needed to achieve iron depletion because the subgroups with higher baseline hemoglobin on average needed fewer phlebotomies to achieve iron depletion than the subgroups with lower baseline hemoglobin.
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