Sentence examples for by differences in immunity from inspiring English sources
Therefore the colour polymorphism in coenagrionid damselflies is unlikely to be maintained by differences in immunity.
Since the Hong Kong virus differed from its antecedent Asian virus by its HA antigen, but had retained the same (N2) NA antigen (16 ), researchers speculated that its more sporadic and variable impact in different regions of the world were mediated by differences in prior N2 immunity (16 – 16 ).
This might be explained by differences in pharmacokinetics, different resistance patterns, or higher levels of background immunity (11).
We suggest therefore that the R0 difference is partly determined by differences in levels of prior immunity, arguably through reduced levels of viral shedding from persons with partial immunity.
We hypothesize that, in view of the fact that morbidity and mortality in the post-acute phase after trauma are often caused by infectious complications [ 2], gender differences in immunity might explain the observed differences.
The role of immunity in the dynamics of the asexual-sexual complex was highlighted by Hakoyama et al. [ 52], as differences in immunity between gynogens and sexuals may reduce the evolutionary two-fold cost of sex.
Another possible explanation is differences in immunity, which could be mediated by maternal antibodies in the youngest infants.
Sex differences in immunity are present, and can be understood by reference to natural or sexual selection on the sexes [ 10, 27].
We speculate that infection dynamics might depend on differences in immunity as well as social activities that are influenced by age and gender [8].
In addition, the existence of a mathematical model allows one to explore the known differences in immunity development between human and non-human species [ 3] by altering or excluding specific pathways, as dictated by experimental findings.
