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Internal validity is threatened by differences between planned and actual administration of treatments.
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One of the main differences between planned sessions in tourist areas and organic sessions in local pubs is the attitude of the performers to the listeners.
Furthermore, a fidelity study will collect information on the differences between planned and actual implementation of care and interventions in the hospitals (is care implemented as it should be by the professionals?).
There were marked differences between planned places of birth in the proportion of women with complicating conditions identified by the attending midwife at the start of care in labour (table 1).
We compared average differences between planned and achieved values of blood pressure and HbA1c using unpaired t tests.
Unpaired t-tests will be used to compare average individual differences between planned and achieved values of blood pressure and HbA1c.
Nine IMRT fields (with static jaws) and a single VMAT clinical field (with dynamic jaws) were tested by determining the root mean square difference between planned and detected jaw positions.
However, the difference between planned and performed reduction is difficult to assess with conventional radiographs.
Thereafter, the difference between planned and performed reduction (i.e., residual deformity) was quantified in all six degrees of freedom by computing the difference between the distal bone parts using ICP (Fig. 2b).
The table shows also the planned dose at each LM and also the reference difference between planned and cumulated doses (from the first observer).
Research from Australia has found no significant difference between planned home birth and hospital birth in terms of the risk of PPH [ 1].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com