These elevated average rates may reflect recent PS as these species have adapted to their different niches, although they could also be influenced by differences in effective population sizes or weakly deleterious mutations not yet eliminated from populations.
The reasons behind the differences observed between studies are unclear but may in part be explained by differences in effective population sizes with complete sweeps associated with smaller populations.
The concept discussed above is illustrated by the difference in effective test number between SlideWin3 and single SNP.
The subset of genes differentially induced by type I, as opposed to type II IFN, was not induced even at the highest tested concentrations of IFNγ; suggesting that the differential responses of PBMCs to type I and type II interferons cannot be explained by a difference in effective dose.
Patterns of genetic structure and gene flow, however, were not explained by differences in relative effective population sizes, island area, sex-biased dispersal (tested only for Erophylla), or surface-level climatological winds.
Furthermore, we explored whether clinical measures of Parkinson's disease impairment could be explained by differences in extrinsic effective connectivity, within the basal ganglia motor loop.
Importantly, there was no difference in effective treatment delivery as evidenced by door-to-balloon and call-to-balloon times between patients presenting IHs and those presenting OOHs.
The observed difference in effective recombination rate is also approximately that expected due to differences in inbreeding.
Therefore, the regional differences in contraction pattern during ventricular pacing are most likely caused by regional differences in effective preload.
The major difference in the spread and properties of the bacterial and organellar group II introns is likely caused by the differences in effective population size which is several orders of magnitude greater for bacteria than it is for organelles [ 57].
