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By defocusing the objective, the orientation of single molecules can be determined.
By defocusing the objective lens, the contrast transfer function is altered and for high resolution studies it will need to be accurately assessed through the volume of single projection images, which is not trivial compared to single projection images.
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And fact, we can do that low pass filtering now again by defocusing the camera.
We tested the post-acquisition refocusing capability of ptychography by defocusing the specimen by 50, 100 and 200 μm (Fig. 1b).
And in fact, we can do that optically in this case by simply defocusing the camera.
As shown in Fig. 9, it shows the measurement results reconstructed by defocusing ellipse binary pattern.
However, the areas b, c, and d in Fig. 3a showed curved lamellar layers, which cannot be explained by the objective lens defocus of (111) and reflections).
We defocused the patch by using an SDFP with α=0.0985 (correspondingly, ΔV a =10 m/s).
We defocused the images by using SDFPs corresponding to ΔVa = 5 m/s, 10 m/s, and 20 m/s.
It can suppressed the high-order harmonics effectively by defocusing and the high-frequency noise are eliminated because of the low-pass filtering effects of defocusing.
The disadvantage of this is that phase contrast imaging relies on the additional phase added by the objective lens, and hence a too small defocus will negatively impact the image contrast.
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