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By creating a null allele of mouse Grb2, we have shown that Grb2 is required for endoderm differentiation at embryonic day 4.0.
The self-interference caused by scatterer S 0, for example, in Fig. 1, could be avoided by creating a null in the direction of S 0. However, losing access to the scatterer could create a less-rich scattering environment, diminishing the spatial degrees-of-freedom of the uplink or downlink.
Hence, by creating a null distribution of π1 we can assess how different it is to the observed π1.
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In the Atoh1 CreERT2 allele, the Atoh1 CDS is replaced by the CreERT2 sequence thus creating a null allele (Fujiyama et al., 2009 ), preserving transcription of the Atoh1 3′ UTR.
A constructor for creating a null object.
In contrast to the approach of disabling a gene by creating a large deletion, the production of a null mutant by such a small intervention would be unlikely to cause collateral damage.
We also generated Monte-Carlo P-values for the similarity values by generating 50 000 samples from the null distribution as follows: each null sample was generated by creating a random tree topology with the same number of leaves as the dataset, and we then calculated the cluster similarity with the manual grouping.
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This test used the same statistic as in significance analysis of microarrays (SAM), and then p-values were calculated by permuting the samples to create a null distribution, and produced false discovery rates (FDRs) using the Benjamini-Hochberg method.
To determine the function of sigmar during development, we created a null mutant by P-element imprecise excision.
GSEA creates a null distribution by randomly permuting the labels of the samples and producing lists of genes ranked by their correlation with the newly shuffled sample labels.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com