Calculation of food ingested was performed as previously described by counting the difference between food offered and left, including the recovery of small pieces of food, and compensating for drying [ 5].
For the proliferation assays and cell counts, differences between control and experimental groups were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test.
Evolutionary biologist S. Blair Hedges and molecular evolutionist Sudhir Kumar of Pennsylvania State University, University Park, improved on past studies by analyzing 658 genes and counting sequence differences between 207 vertebrate species.
The statistical significance of the spectral count difference between normal and tumor samples was evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.
Although the read counts difference induced the difference in miRNA expression, this difference can be resolved by read counts normalization.
The resulting mean digital count difference between the reflectance standards was used to convert digital counts into reflectance units.
In terms of the number of different drugs consumed (measured by counting distinct ATC codes), the difference between place of death is small, as only around 15.1% of patients did not require any medication.
There are almost no fossils of chimps and gorillas, however, so these dates were calculated by counting the number of DNA sequence differences between the three species and dividing that number by an estimated "mutation rate" for primates or how fast mutations arise over time.
Overall symptom load was quantified by counting the symptoms or signs, and differences between strains evaluated using linear models.
