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However, we addressed these differences by controlling for differences in age and residence in the analysis.
Our modeling approach, in contrast to several alternative methodologies, reduces this confounding by controlling for differences in patient populations.
Some of these could be partially addressed in multivariable models by controlling for differences in the age structure and median parasite density of study participants.
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However, for our purposes, these adjustments can be seen as strengthening the internal validation of the model by controlling for known differences between groups.
Consequently, by controlling for strain differences by using littermates from each Snap-25 cross throughout, our study demonstrates that a comparison of the behavioural data from independent mutant lines requires careful consideration of the genetic backgrounds involved (88).
The difference in wealth does not grow smaller when comparing white and black households headed by college graduates, or when controlling for differences in income.
When controlling for differences in sampling by comparing nucleotide diversity for CDEII to that estimated from TEs in the same strains using TE data from [ 14], I still see much higher nucleotide diversity in CDEII (Table 2 Figure 1).
By controlling for age structure differences between immigrants and native-born Italians, and taking into account the "healthy migrant effect", foreigners are much less likely to suffer from chronic diseases.
Finally, model 4 added adjustment for metropolitan area, which may reduce bias from potential confounding but may also reduce power by controlling for between-area differences in exposure variability.
Difference-in-difference and fixed-effects models are used to capture the net effect of the label by controlling for time and product differences.
By controlling for grades, cross-national differences in grading cannot explain the found effects of characteristics of educational systems.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com