Sentence examples for by continuous mutation of from inspiring English sources

Antigenic drift is caused by continuous mutation of the genomes due to the high error rate of the viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase.

In order to evade the host immune system, the HA and NA proteins of both influenza A and influenza B viruses undergo continuous mutation and by this mean evade the host immune system.

Among other hypotheses, we discuss the maintenance of heritable variation by few mutations with strong epistatic interactions whose effects are modified by continuous changes of the genetic background through time.

"It is plagued by continuous incidents of unjust treatment and discrimination".

By minimizing substitutions we are able to establish a relation between indels that could have occurred in the same position of the compared genomes, identifying genomic regions that could be subject to these continuous mutations.

Duchenne is caused by a mutation of the gene for dystrophin, a protein in muscle.

Yet, the evolution of seasonal influenza viruses is also marked by the continuous accumulation of mutations that have small or no antigenic effects but nevertheless potentially affect fitness (Bhatt et al., 2011; Strelkowa and Lässig, 2012), for example compensatory or permissive mutations (Gong et al., 2013).

These data imply that the natural history of mtDNA mutations in human aging is characterized by the progressive clonal expansion of a limited pool of early mutations, rather than by continuous mutagenesis.

Given the proximity of C298 to the H-cluster, the effect of the C298D mutation on the catalytic center was studied by continuous wave (CW) and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies.

This arises not only from genetic mutations accumulating by the continuous proliferation of tumor cells, but also due to differences in the local microenvironment of individual tumor cells 1.

The survival of Chinese texts was assured by continuous copying.