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By computing the variation of the functional J, one has [ 2 〈 x ( b ) − x b, d d ε ( x ( b ) − x b ) 〉 + 2 λ ∫ 0 b 〈 u ( t ) + ε w ( t ), w ( t ) 〉 U d t ] | ε = 0 = 0, where 〈 ⋅, ⋅ 〉, 〈 ⋅, ⋅ 〉 U denote the inner products in X and U, respectively.
Similar(59)
Sp in Equation 4 is the source term representing the momentum transfer between the fluid and particle phases and is obtained by computing the momentum variation due to several forces of slip, ∑ F, experienced by the control volume as: (7).
Determination of the minimal number of its components is estimated by computing the pairwise variation (PV) of two sequential NFs (Vn/n+1) as the standard deviation of the logarithmically transformed NFn/NFn+1 ratios, reflecting the effect of including an additional gene [ 4].
This is done by computing the average luma variation per pixel between the key frames at the decoder, which is compared to a threshold.
Precision was assessed by computing the coefficient of variation.
We described spatial variability by computing the coefficient of variation (CV) of temporally adjusted measurements across all sessions.
The intercycle variability was assessed by computing the coefficient of variation (CV) of Δ t, F p, and sym over all consecutive push cycles of the steady state phase.
The predictive ability of the multivariable models was assessed by computing the proportion of explained variation due to Schemper and Henderson [ 9].
Intermethod (auto versus manual) variability as well as inter- and intraobserver variability was studied by computing the conventional coefficient of variation (CV).
As for bilateral symmetry, the resulting consensus shape is symmetric and it is possible to extract components of symmetric and asymmetric variation by computing the appropriate averages or differences between landmark configurations after the Procrustes fit.
Computing the variations of functions f and f1 induced by swapping was straightforward.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com